ABSTRACT
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators have been going through uncertain times as they depend directly on supply-side (e.g. airlines, hotels) and demand-side (e.g. tourists) of tourism as well as on destination management organizations. This study explores resilience strategies made by tour operators in Bangladesh that ultimately helped them survive through the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 tour operators, findings of the study show that resilience-building depends not only on strategies of tour operators but also on supports from external agencies. The study further shows that a multi-dimensional understanding of resilience strategies is essential in tourism research and proposes that the resilience-building of tour operators can be conceptualized as a three-dimensional mechanism including innate resilience, internally-induced resilience, and externally-induced resilience. The study would facilitate improved resilience strategy and informed policymaking to better address uncertainties during and after a major crisis for tour operators.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This case study urges the future of visitor economy to rely on regenerative tourism to make tourism systems resilience in the long run.Design/methodology/approach>The paper draws on published research and industry reports to discuss the future visitor economy and its impact on all dimensions of well-being focused on the case of Aotearoa New Zealand.Findings>Results show that post-pandemic tourism transformation must protect and promote local identities, and enhance and enrich visitor experiences with a focus on cultural and natural heritage.Originality/value>The recovery of tourism must not implement regenerative tourism as a new specific type of tourism but as a holistic understanding of tourism futures that encompasses communities and the environment, and where visitors are committed to preserve and protect our natural and socio-cultural environment.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic plunged the whole world into a protracted economic crisis, dealing a significant blow to all branches of human activity. Some areas have suffered serious losses, in particular, the tourism industry. This article discusses measures to restore and strengthen the tourism and hospitality sector after the pandemic in the Republic ofUzbekistan. A Safe Tourism program has been developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan;tourists will use tourist services, follow the sanitary and hygienic rules during trips. This project will provide travelling individually, choosing a destination and booking what they need during travelling online. The purpose of the article is to analyse the situation in the world and Uzbekistan as well, during the pandemic, as well as to develop practical measures to rehabilitate the tourism sector from the consequences of the economic crisis associated with the pandemic. New offers are being considered in the tourism market to attract tourists to our country. The primary attention in the paper is focused on the development of electronic platforms for the formation of "online tourism", architectural sights and monuments combining the history of different peoples and religious denominations. The article also provides information about alternative medicine, and lists of several of treatment methods used by our ancestors and actual nowadays. The report summarizes some of the study results, concluding that the tourism business of Uzbekistan needs to radically rethink existing business models through innovation and digitalization of tourism. Examples of the development of such market segments as agro and eco-tourism are given. This segments are currently beginning to develop and are of interest to tourists. It is mentioned that Uzbekistan is among the top 10 countries in terms of security.
ABSTRACT
The successful formation and implementation of a gastronomic project in the hotel and restaurant industry require careful business planning and a developed marketing strategy. A gastronomic project is a unique product;it is necessary to highlight its difference from competitors and create a favorable image. Marketing can help achieve the performance of a gastronomic product even with a small number of tourists. The article reveals the definition and features of gastronomic tourism and also shows its beneficial effect on the development of the region. The activities that are necessary for the development of a gastronomic project are given. The main participants in the gastronomic project are listed. In addition to restaurants and hotels, Food and Beverage Businesses, Travel and Hospitality Businesses, and other related businesses take an active role in gastronomic tourism. And as target consumers - various groups of gastronomic tourists. Gastronomic projects in the hotel and restaurant industry, the uncertainty of the external environment, innovative nature, and dependence on a large number of participants require careful analysis and correct assessment of the situation, and as a result of careful business planning and development, marketing strategy. The article lists the main stages of the formation of business planning, lists the main sections of the business plan, as well as the main steps and features of the marketing strategy. As a result, the mechanism of formation and implementation of the marketing strategy of gastronomic projects in the hotel and restaurant industry is considered.
ABSTRACT
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to define and analyze the role of virtual reality experiences, travel motivation, travel constraints, and destination image on revisit intention. Design - Exploratory analysis to investigate whether destination image and revisit intention are influenced by virtual reality experience, travel motivation, and travel constraints. Methodology - The respondents in this study were Indonesian tourists who had already visited the destinations under study. The sampling method used was random sampling and the data analysis method used was structural equation modeling. Findings - The results show that destination image can mediate the influence of virtual reality experience on revisit intention. At the same time, travel motivation and travel constraints can have a direct positive influence on destination image. Originality of the research - This study demonstrates the critical significance of virtual reality in pandemic situations to help destinations improve their image and hence increase tourist arrivals, like as in Indonesia
ABSTRACT
This exploratory study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the travel intention of French people (n = 655) for holidays in summer 2020. Qualitative results show demographic and generation differences in the intention to go on vacation caused by a combination of personal uncertainties due to the pandemic, compulsory state measures and travel bans. Using PLS-SEM, quantitative results indicate that influence of perceived risks and attitude towards Covid-19 led tourists to seek out greater proximity when considering vacation travel. The findings may help tourism managers apply proximity marketing strategies using more local and digital services during global health crises.
ABSTRACT
Religion tourism has a significant contribution to Indonesia's national economic development. culture, religion, and economics are covered in the global hospitality business tourism. This research aims to examine the influence of driving motivation, attracting motivations, motivations of Islamic attributes to the loyalty of visits through the satisfaction of visiting, from tourists who come to Indonesia. This article used an empirical study based on research during the COVID 19 pandemic happened. The data research was collected by 298 foreign and national tourists using purposive sampling techniques. The data is analyzed using Path analysis with SPSS software. The motivation of Islamic attributes indirectly affects the loyalty of visits (through the satisfaction of visiting) to tourists before they decide. The results highlight the importance of Islamic attributes related to Indonesia tourism, that contributes several contributions: 1) as a theoretical contribution, religion still takes place in everyone decisions, 2) as a tourism industry, there are many efforts to increase tourist satisfaction and loyalty to their visits, 3) as a policymaking contribution, the Indonesian government needs to improve marketing strategies that will ensure satisfaction and encourage tourists to come again.
ABSTRACT
Airbnb hosts' pricing decisions are the choices hosts make when setting the daily rate for their listing of properties. Some Airbnb hosts have a long run approach, charging lower prices to attract more customers and achieve higher occupancy rates, while others have a short-run approach, charging higher prices to maximize the short-run opportunities from the market. The pricing strategy of Airbnb hosts is the key to their eventual success and plays an important role, since it influences their relationship with customers. Airbnb listings can be hard to price. Therefore, each Airbnb host faces an important decision when entering the market: What is the perfect daily rate to charge such that to achieve their goal? Major aspects, such as property location, type (private room, entire home, etc.) and amenities, target customers, other Airbnb competitors, thinking like a guest, the safety and beauty of the neighborhood, seasonality, etc., must be considered. Considering Airbnb's exponential growth since it started in 2007, it is obvious that establishing a suitable pricing strategy is vital for any new host. The present paper uses information from the new listings in 2020 to investigate different hypotheses that explore the pricing strategies of Airbnb hosts for their new listings on the market. This study highlights, on one hand, the great need for Airbnb to encourage dynamic pricing among its new hosts and, on the other hand, the challenges faced by these hosts when they establish the price. An important characteristic of this article is the set of theoretical and methodological implications for the pricing strategy for the new Airbnb new hosts. Furthermore, this document reinforces the idea that the pricing strategy differs between cities and countries, emphasizing the strategy in the case of the new Airbnb new hosts.
ABSTRACT
Voluntourism is a relatively new type of tourism considered to contribute to the sustainability of the industry because of its ties to the local community and the destination. In recent years, with the strong impact of covid-19 crisis on the travel economy new practices and directions of tourism development were driven, and the requirement for sustainability has been emphasized. This research investigates the question: What is the potential for voluntourism in the province of Central Finland? Three studies were conducted. Firstly, existing secondary data was investigated, such as online reviews, blogs and media articles regarding voluntourism in Finland. Secondly, a questionnaire was conducted, which targeted municipality actors, such as mayors, business representatives, as well as regional developers and Leader local action groups, rural entrepreneurs, farm owners, village associations and other parties of interest. Thirdly, theme interviews were conducted with key actors about their current activity and interest in voluntourism to discover examples of existing uncoordinated voluntourism activity in the region. The results, which regard the identification of the voluntourism term, the existing concepts in Finland and the activity in Central Finland, revealed both opportunities and challenges. The term is unknown, and it does not cover all the activity that could be developed in Central Finland. The need is evident for multifaced and complex networking, as well as for the planning and funding of concrete piloting actions of voluntourism in the province. The data gathered could also be applied to the building of a national operating model of voluntourism. This study is a part of "The Value Project: Central Finland as a Leading Province for Volunteer Tourism", which is implemented in cooperation between Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences and Central Finland Villages Association, and co-funded by the European Union.
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on micro-environmental factors (Casado-Aranda et al, 2021) related to changes in consumers' travel behaviours, arising from COVID-19. It seeks to understand if risk perception associated with COVID had an impact on travel intentions of residents in Portugal and if there are changes, regarding more sustainable choices, in 2021 summer holiday's intentions. Data was collected through an online questionnaire between December 2020 and March 2021 (overlapping the first 3 months of the vaccination process, corresponding to 5% of the full vaccination of the Portuguese (Our World in Data, 2021) and reflects short-term effects (Miao et al, 2021) on the travel behaviours of residents in Portugal (n=610). Almost half of the participants (48,5%) responded positively to the probability of going on holidays in 2021. From these, the majority (64,2%) intended to travel only to domestic destinations, mostly justified by the willingness to help the country (54,5% of those who considered likely to go on holidays) and not as much as a risk perception associated to the pandemic (only referred by 26,8%). As for holiday's consumption intentions, residents expressed concerns that may have a positive impact on the socio economical sustainability of the destinations. In fact, from those who considered likely to travel, 71,6% referred that they will prefer national products, 64,5% will value more than before certified touristic services and 57,4% intends to shop mostly in small traditional business. In terms of environmental sustainability, 59,5% will have an increased concern in reserving touristic services environmentally responsible. Results emphasize the need for reflection on the effective positioning of sustainability issues concerning the tourism sector's future. COVID-19 has created an opportunity for tourism to review and relaunch itself, based on more responsible and sustainable approaches (Brouder, 2020;CasadoAranda et al, 2021;Jones and Confort, 2020). It's important to understand to what extent consumers are willing to assume more sustainable behaviours in their future travel options. These results ask for future research regarding the importance of understanding the difference between tourists' stated intentions and effective actions when it comes to sustainable travel behaviour.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This study aims to incorporate innovative technology (i.e. blockchain) into the design of an online travel agency (B-OTA). The authors accelerated the design of the prototype system through expert interviews to understand the convenience of the blockchain travel and accommodation platform for users. The authors further validated the prototype system design and improved reference capability through usability testing.Design/methodology/approach>Rapid prototyping of B-OTA was carried out through the Delphi method and literature compilation. Design validation of usability testing was conducted using modified systematic evaluation methodology. Prototype system suggestions and improvements were collected through feedback from test subjects.Findings>This study will be helpful for the development of B-OTAs and related technologies. Through usability testing, the authors verified that creating a familiar operating environment for users can reduce users’ fear of unfamiliar technology. The results of this research provide future B-OTA researchers and practitioners with design guidelines.Originality/value>Beyond the blockchain-related technologies used, few studies have reported experiences and interface design of B-OTAs. This study states that, as many human–computer interaction-related papers have pointed out, the basic prerequisite for successful interface design is a clearer definition of users’ needs during operation. User experience and user interface design should provide a good user experience.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This study aims to identify whether halal tourism, as advocated by Mastercard-Crescent Rating guidelines on halal tourism can be considered as supporting sustainable tourism.Design/methodology/approach>Three Mastercard-CrescentRating 2019 Reports which are Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia Muslim Travel Index and Halal Travel Frontier were evaluated using a qualitative method supports by NVivo software to analyze text and images. Eight indicators (number of tourists, main motivations, main values, interaction with the community, interaction with the environment, most possible destinations, infrastructure and visitor monitorings) are used to classify halal tourism items into mass tourism (traditional, experiential and sensational) and non-mass (alternative) tourism. The qualitative analysis is supported by correlation analysis of GMTI scores with environmental performance index and the global sustainable competitiveness index scores.Findings>The results showed that halal tourism has unique characters compared with mass and non-mass tourism types. However, halal tourism advocated by CrescentRating unlikely shows similarity with non-mass tourism. It tends to be traditional mass tourism, especially on the perspective of the type of activity, interactions with the environment and local communities, as well as the main values.Originality/value>Previous research suggested the needs of halal tourism and its relations to sustainability. This research fills the gap by showing the halal tourism, in the perspective of Mastercard-CrescentRating is not prioritized toward sustainable tourism by qualitative and quantitative evidences. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainability from Islamic perspectives and practices and provides a way to the theory of Islamic sustainable tourism. It also suggests improvements to halal tourism guidelines such as the transparency and guarantees that the profit will be used for social welfare, promotion of sustainability using Qur’anic verses and promotion on environmental and social empowerment activities.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks associated with lending to tourism and hospitality businesses in the context of COVID-19 restrictions. The author proposes a scoring methodology to assess the quantitative and qualitative factors of borrowers' credit standing based on industry-related risks and the quantification of potential loss given default. The analysis of credit standing draws on actual figures from financial statements of the ten biggest tour operators present in the Russian and Kazakh tourism markets, as well as a survey of experts specialising in bank lending. The findings confirm the proposed hypothesis of a negative impact of the pandemic on the financial condition and credit standing of tourism and hospitality businesses and an increase of banks' credit risks. The trends of lending to tourism and hotel businesses have indicated a contraction of credit supply as a result of the low credit standing of borrowers. An industry analysis shows that losses from the materialisation of credit risks in the group of tourism businesses could be significant for banks. The author concludes that to maintain financial stability and the level of credit in the industry, the state should continue to support the sector, including the provision of soft loans to help finance some items of expenses.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>In an adventure tourism context (i.e. sky diving, bungee jumping) the effect of the absence or presence of a travel companion;companion relative ability (i.e. perception of a companion’s possessed resources useful for the achievement of travel goals);and tourist gender on the impact of companion relative ability on tourists’ satisfaction and subjective well-being is examined. This paper aims to investigate the mediating role of satisfaction that combines companion relative ability, tourist gender, tourist satisfaction and subjective well-being.Design/methodology/approach>This research uses three situational experiments. A one-factor between-subjects experimental design was used for Study 1. Studies 2 and 3 used a one-factor between-subjects and a 2 × 3 factorial between-subjects design. Participants included tourists visiting a national park in China assigned to scenarios using an anonymous intercept approach and an online survey.Findings>Having a companion with greater/comparable relative ability produces a greater effect on tourist satisfaction and subjective well-being than having a companion with lower relative ability. Furthermore, the perceived relative ability of a travel companion results in a stronger positive effect on tourist satisfaction and subjective well-being for female tourists. Meanwhile, satisfaction fully mediates the impact of the interaction between companion relative ability and tourist gender on subjective well-being.Originality/value>The current research validates the companion effect on adventure tourists’ satisfaction and subjective well-being. An additional contribution is an investigation into the effect of companion relative ability. The study is the only one the authors are aware of that examines the moderating role of tourist gender on the effect of companion relative ability on tourist satisfaction and subjective well-being and identifies the mechanism that combines companion relative ability, tourist gender, tourist satisfaction and subjective well-being.
ABSTRACT
Remote Work & Mobility was listed as the #1 issue in the 2021-22 Top Ten Issues Affecting Real Estate® by The Counselors of Real Estate®.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This study aims to understand the theme park visitors’ perceived robotic qualities featured in four different robots, assess their robotic functions and consumers’ loyalty toward four different robotic server types.Design/methodology/approach>A structured online survey of 399 respondents measured and compared consumer perceptions related to qualities and functions of robots in a theme park context and consumers’ behavioral intentions in four different robotic scenarios – anime, cartoon-like, human-like and animal-like robots in theme parks. Survey data were collected on an online platform and analyzed by SPSS.Findings>The results showed some expected differences in robotic qualities among the different robot-type scenarios, but similar reactions overall. The findings also provided insight into the type of robots that consumers prefer and showed a little more preference toward human-like robotic servers.Research limitations/implications>The study was restricted to several robotic scenarios in North American theme parks. Future qualitative and quantitative studies should look in more detail at theme park visitors’ participation in the robotic service delivery process, the robots’ mobility and interactions with fellow visitors.Practical implications>The findings can guide practitioners on robots’ looks, qualities and functionalities to consider for introducing to their patrons to create more interactive environments and experiences.Originality/value>The study revealed some new knowledge about consumer expectations for robotic servers in theme parks. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that compares different robot types on their perceived appearance, qualities and functionality, or consumers’ behavioral tendencies in the context of theme parks.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of internal tourism in the Russian Federation, identify the prerequisites and analyze the factors limiting the development of internal tourism. Monitoring of the tourism potential of the Russian Federation and analysis of the resource base made it possible to assess the existing problems and suggest possible ways to solve them. The authors have determined the prerequisites for the development of internal tourism during the pandemic on the territory of Russia, observed the place and specifics of internal tourism in tourist flows, and substantiated the place and role of the pandemic in the development of internal tourism in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the trends in the development of internal tourism have been identified, as well as the regions of its most promising development and the constraining factors for the development of internal tourism. The results obtained contribute to the development of internal tourism in the Russian Federation, the popularization of internal tourism online, which ultimately ensures an increase in the tourist flow within the country, and also allows creating additional jobs in the tourism sector.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic caused a number of changes In tourism, which require proper adjustment measures. Hence, learning about the mechanisms that motivate people to go on tourist trips during the epidemiological threat and identification of factors hindering the tendency to travel Is of vital Importance for determining the directions of such measures. The purpose of the paper Is to present the results of studies Illustrating the Impact of perception of risk related to the Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, reactance caused by epidemiological restrictions and health protection motivation with respect to tourist trips during the pandemic, as well as determination of force of Impact of factors moderating the relationships above, i.e. immunization against SARS-CoV-2 or recovery from COVID-19, gender, age or education. Given the fact that the Issue of changes In human behavior in the context of the pandemic Is nowadays a vital element of the scientific discourse, the paper also features numerous references to the most recent publications dealing with the Impact of the pandemic on the behavioral Intention, reactions of people to epidemiological restrictions or health protection behavior in the period of epidemiological threat. The constructed model of dependency between the behavioral intention to go on a tourist trip and the factors that were studied was verified with the use of results of an empirical survey carried out In June 2015 on a sample of 1,615 persons. The paper also presents several implementation postulates that may offer guidelines for persons running tourist businesses and offer Inspiration for further actions.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to look at the impact of COVID 19 on tourism-related sectors, including the air transportation sector, hospitality accommodation providers, and food and beverage providers, in this study the data obtained is sourced from interviews, journals, newspapers, and other information that supports the fulfillment of this paper. After analysis from various data sources where the tourism sector is very impacted by COVID-19, especially the number of tourists, so that the reduced needs of hotels and food providers, even impact the workforce in the field of tourism, which resulted in revenue, economy and finances fell completely, therefore the government provided stimulus in the form of, Fiscal Stimulus Policy and Policy of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy.
ABSTRACT
This paper seek to understand the role of new technologies on transformation processes of special areas of business of travel intermediaries even emerging new entities that collaborate with both poles of tourism demand. Special attention is payed to results of modification of distribution channels to be competitive in online travel market. Softwer as channel manager is more than a tool, it is emerging as core intelligence that manage time, impacting on benefits from converegence. New technologies allowed new digital platforms (Booking, Airbnb, Expedia) making travel easier. The preferences of the postmodern tourist extend beyond the streamlined and impersonal experiences, services and products. Driven by the ambition of deviating from the beaten track, new generations of travellers are converging on digital platforms to retrieve recommendations and information from fellow travellers and local residents,i.e. sources other than traditional travel intermediaries. The COVID crisis has triggered a number of changes in the world of rental accommodation. Some of these changes are flexible cancellations, new market prices, and shorter booking window. High expections make preassure on attnders in channel of distribution. There is an even greater emphasis on cleanliness, privacy and security. At the end of the research, the results speak in favor of exceptional impact of new technology on business development as well as the role that human potential has in acquiring digital skills through education and training and providing their own tools or products that facilitate business. This paper consider sociological, economic and cultural dimension that impact on behavior of users of digital platforms are formulated to support previously incompatible ideas, like (1) models of economic systems, relationships);cultural and moral perspectives on human coexistence (negotiation, lifestyle, stewardship, prosocial behaviour/altruism, collaborative symbiosis and;ideas of efficiency and enhanced value creation